FILLINGS

Fillings are a common dental treatment used to restore teeth that have been damaged by decay or injury. By removing the decayed portion of the tooth and filling the space with a restorative material, fillings help restore the tooth’s normal function, shape, and prevent further decay. They are an effective way to maintain the health of natural teeth while preserving their structure.

When Are Fillings Needed?

1. Tooth Decay: The most common reason for getting a filling is to treat a cavity caused by tooth decay. When bacteria in plaque produce acids that erode tooth enamel, a hole or cavity forms that needs to be filled.
2. Chipped or Cracked Teeth: Fillings are also used to repair teeth that have been chipped or cracked, whether due to an injury or wear and tear.
3. Worn Down Teeth: Teeth that are worn down from habits like nail-biting or teeth grinding (bruxism) may require fillings to restore their shape and protect against further damage.

Types of Filling Materials

1. Composite Resin Fillings:
   • Appearance: Composite fillings are tooth-colored and can be matched to the natural shade of your teeth, making them ideal for visible areas like the front teeth.
   • Durability: They are moderately durable and can last 5-10 years, but may not be as long-lasting as other materials when used for large fillings in molars.
   • Use: Composite resin is often used for small to medium-sized fillings, particularly in areas that need to look natural.
2. Amalgam (Silver) Fillings:
   • Appearance: Amalgam fillings are silver in color, which makes them more noticeable, especially on front teeth.
   • Durability: Amalgam is one of the strongest and most durable filling materials, often lasting 10-15 years or more. It is ideal for large fillings in back teeth that endure heavy chewing forces.
   • Use: Amalgam is typically used for molars, where appearance is less of a concern, but strength is important.
3. Ceramic Fillings (Porcelain):
   • Appearance: Ceramic fillings are tooth-colored and have a natural, enamel-like translucency, making them an aesthetically pleasing option.
   • Durability: They are resistant to staining and can last more than 15 years. However, they are generally more expensive than other types of fillings.
   • Use: Ceramic fillings are used in situations where aesthetics are important, such as inlays, onlays, or large cavities.
4. Glass Ionomer Fillings:
   • Appearance: Glass ionomer is tooth-colored but may not blend as seamlessly as composite resin.
   • Durability: Glass ionomer is less durable than composite or amalgam, usually lasting 5 years or less, but it releases fluoride, which helps protect the tooth.
   • Use: These fillings are often used for cavities below the gum line or in primary (baby) teeth, as they provide fluoride protection.
5. Gold Fillings:
   • Appearance: Gold fillings are very noticeable, making them less popular for front teeth.
   • Durability: Gold is one of the most durable filling materials and can last over 15 years, providing exceptional strength and longevity.
   • Use: Gold fillings are typically used in molars where strength is a priority.

Procedure for Getting a Filling

1. Examination and Diagnosis: The dentist will examine your teeth, often using X-rays, to determine the extent of the decay or damage and decide if a filling is needed.
2. Local Anesthesia: Local anesthesia is administered to numb the area around the tooth being filled, ensuring that the procedure is painless.
3. Removing Decay: The dentist uses a drill or laser to remove the decayed part of the tooth, leaving a clean cavity.
4. Cleaning and Shaping: The cavity is thoroughly cleaned to remove any bacteria or debris. If the filling is deep, the dentist may apply a liner to protect the pulp (nerve) inside the tooth.
5. Filling the Cavity: The filling material is placed in the prepared cavity in layers. Each layer is hardened using a special light (for composite resin), and the dentist carefully shapes the material to ensure it matches the natural contours of the tooth.
6. Polishing: Once the filling is placed, it is polished to ensure a smooth finish that feels natural and comfortable.

Aftercare for Fillings

1. Oral Hygiene: Continue brushing twice a day and flossing daily to maintain the health of your teeth and fillings.
2. Avoid Hard Foods: Avoid biting down on hard foods like ice or hard candies, especially immediately after getting a filling, to prevent cracking or damaging the filling.
3. Sensitivity: Some sensitivity to hot, cold, or pressure is common after getting a filling. This usually subsides within a few days to a week. If it persists or worsens, contact your dentist.
4. Regular Dental Visits: Attend regular check-ups so your dentist can monitor the health of your teeth and fillings.

Types of Fillings: Advantages and Disadvantages

Filling Type	Advantages	Disadvantages
Composite Resin	Aesthetic, tooth-colored, bonds well to teeth	Moderate durability, may stain, can be costly
Amalgam (Silver)	Strong, long-lasting, less costly	Noticeable appearance, potential mercury exposure
Ceramic (Porcelain)	Highly aesthetic, resistant to staining	Expensive, can be brittle
Glass Ionomer	Releases fluoride, bonds well to teeth	Less durable, not as aesthetically pleasing
Gold	Extremely strong and durable	Very noticeable, expensive

Signs You May Need a Filling

• Toothache: Persistent or sudden tooth pain may indicate a cavity that needs to be treated with a filling.
• Sensitivity: Sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods and drinks could be a sign of tooth decay.
• Visible Hole: If you notice a visible hole or dark spot on your tooth, it may require a filling.
• Broken or Chipped Tooth: A broken or chipped tooth can be repaired with a filling, especially if it is small and does not require a crown.

Composite Fillings vs. Amalgam Fillings

• Aesthetic: Composite resin fillings are tooth-colored, making them ideal for visible areas, whereas amalgam fillings are silver and more noticeable.
• Strength: Amalgam is typically stronger and lasts longer than composite resin, making it suitable for molars and areas of heavy chewing.
• Application Time: Composite fillings take longer to apply because they require layering and curing with a special light. Amalgam fillings can be placed more quickly.

Alternatives to Fillings

• Inlays and Onlays: In cases of larger cavities, inlays or onlays may be recommended. These are custom-made restorations that fit into or onto the damaged part of the tooth.
• Crowns: If the tooth is severely decayed or damaged, a crown may be necessary to provide additional strength and protection.

Fillings are an essential part of maintaining good oral health and are effective at treating cavities, restoring damaged teeth, and preventing further decay. By choosing the appropriate filling material and following proper oral care, patients can maintain the function and appearance of their restored teeth for many years. Regular dental check-ups and good oral hygiene are key to ensuring the longevity of fillings and overall dental health